The Private School Network

Recruiting Visits to Private High Schools by Public and Private Universities

cyouh95.github.io/recruiting-chapter

Ozan Jaquette (UCLA)

Crystal Han (NASA GeneLab)

Irma Castañeda (MEF Associates)

BG 1
BG 2

Introduction

Off-campus recruiting visits to high schools in Nashville

Setup

Recruiting visit indicates university and school have social relationship

  • The university wants to enroll some students from the school
  • The school wants to send some students to the university

Visits from universities to schools yield a two-mode social network

  • “Edges” = visits; “Vertices” = schools (mode 1) and universities (mode 2)

Research questions

  1. How does the scale of visits to private high schools vary for the public research universities and selective private universities?
  2. To what extent do public research universities and selective private universities visit overlapping sets of private high schools?
  3. What are the characteristics of private schools that receive visits from public research universities and selective private research universities?

Literature Review

Literature Review

Nonresident enrollment at public universities

Interventions to attract nonresident students

Literature Review

Linkages between private schools and private universities

Studies find attending private school increases college access, selectivity

  • Public school students: 5% attend “top 100” public univ; 2% attend top 100 private univ (Author calculations from HSLS 2009)
  • Private school: 11% @ top 100 public; 17% @ top 100 private
  • Nonsectarian private: 11% @ top 100 public; 40% @ top 100 private

Chetty, Deming, and Friedman (2023) study Ivy Plus admissions decisions

  • Rich students have higher non-academic ratings because they attend elite private schools (extracurriculars, recommendations)

Sociology highlights school-college organizational linkages

  • Visits maintain relations with counselors at feeder schools (Stevens 2007)
  • Private school counselors lobby for marginal candidates (Khan 2011)

Literature Review

Synthesis

These two literatures have developed in isolation

  • Pursuing out-of-state private school students by public research univs encroaches on historic territory of selective private univs

Analyzing network of recruiting visits to private schools gives insight about competition for affluent students

  • Public and private universities may be targeting similar sets of schools
    • Direct competition or vying to be second choice for rejected applicants

Private school students more likely to be affluent, white than public school students (Murnane and Reardon 2018)

  • Competitive recruiting of private school students has downstream effects on racial and socioeconomic composition of colleges

Methods

Methods

Data and Sample

Data collection (see Salazar, Jaquette, and Han (2021))

  • 2017 off-campus recruiting visits scraped from univ admissions websites

Data collection sample

  • Public “research-extensive” universities from 2000 Carnegie (N=102)
  • Private universities in top 100 of U.S. News National Universities (N=57)
  • Private colleges in top 50 of National Liberal Arts Colleges (N=47)

Analysis sample: univs that posted complete recruiting visits on website

  • 15 public research, 14 private universities, 12 private liberal arts (omitted)

Secondary data

  • IPEDS; CCD; Private School Survey; Niche Best Private High Schools

Characteristics of universities in analysis sample

?(caption)

Classification University Rank 25th Percentile SAT/ACT Composite Score 75th Percentile SAT/ACT Composite Score In-State Tuition + Fees Out-of-State Tuition + Fees Total Enrolled Freshmen Percent
Out-of-State Freshmen		 Percent Pell Recipients Percent White Freshmen Percent Black Freshmen Percent Asian Freshmen Percent Hispanic Freshmen Percent International Freshmen
Public Research UC Berkeley 22 1,316 1,527 $13,807 $41,076 6,252 24.4% 19.4% 25.6% 1.8% 42.7% 13.8% 9.3%
UC San Diego 35 1,193 1,455 $13,946 $41,215 5,748 26.5% 30.7% 15.5% 1.5% 34.4% 20.6% 21.6%
U of Georgia 47 1,165 1,360 $11,890 $30,502 5,433 12.3% 20.3% 68.0% 8.1% 12.4% 5.8% 1.6%
U of Pitt 58 1,202 1,395 $19,028 $30,414 5,644 30.6% 20.3% 68.5% 7.3% 9.3% 4.3% 3.6%
Rutgers 63 1,110 1,350 $14,689 $30,684 6,465 17.8% 27.0% 35.5% 6.0% 31.3% 12.1% 10.4%
UMass Amherst 66 1,135 1,332 $15,301 $32,914 4,679 26.9% 21.5% 61.0% 3.8% 12.5% 6.0% 8.1%
UC Riverside 88 956 1,200 $13,880 $41,150 5,358 2.2% 56.6% 10.1% 4.0% 31.1% 47.2% 2.5%
SUNY Stony Brook 88 1,163 1,373 $9,197 $26,817 2,934 25.8% 34.6% 27.8% 5.9% 28.8% 11.0% 16.5%
CU Boulder 103 1,126 1,331 $11,785 $35,852 6,421 47.2% 14.6% 66.3% 1.5% 5.6% 12.5% 7.5%
U of S.Carolina 118 1,135 1,321 $11,706 $31,562 5,110 53.2% 15.4% 82.1% 5.0% 3.0% 4.3% 1.2%
U of Kansas 124 1,070 1,300 $10,781 $26,503 4,233 42.8% 23.4% 72.1% 4.3% 4.5% 8.7% 4.6%
UNL 133 1,027 1,262 $8,725 $23,558 4,860 29.9% 23.9% 75.6% 3.1% 2.5% 7.2% 6.3%
U of Alabama 143 1,053 1,351 $10,701 $27,544 7,559 68.1% 17.0% 80.6% 8.0% 1.3% 5.3% 0.8%
U of Cincinnati 143 1,063 1,265 $11,242 $26,914 6,913 13.1% 26.7% 74.9% 9.0% 3.8% 3.5% 2.4%
U of Arkansas 160 1,057 1,283 $9,014 $23,678 4,972 51.0% 19.5% 78.7% 3.9% 2.6% 8.5% 1.0%
Private National Northwestern 9 1,413 1,527 $51,975 $51,975 1,985 69.8% 17.8% 46.1% 5.0% 16.7% 13.6% 9.7%
Notre Dame 19 1,395 1,553 $50,780 $50,780 2,046 94.5% 11.9% 67.8% 4.5% 5.3% 10.7% 5.9%
Emory 21 1,313 1,481 $49,011 $49,011 1,358 85.5% 17.5% 40.9% 7.1% 18.8% 10.8% 16.1%
Tufts 30 1,375 1,515 $53,585 $53,585 1,336 80.2% 10.2% 54.9% 4.8% 13.4% 6.7% 11.4%
Boston Coll. 35 1,297 1,460 $52,426 $52,426 2,254 76.6% 12.8% 61.4% 2.8% 10.7% 11.1% 6.8%
Tulane 41 1,277 1,416 $52,134 $52,134 1,856 87.6% 7.8% 76.0% 4.3% 5.7% 5.8% 4.3%
Case Western Res. 42 1,314 1,501 $47,020 $47,020 1,265 75.7% 10.0% 48.1% 4.3% 19.6% 6.2% 15.6%
Villanova 53 1,280 1,420 $50,366 $50,366 1,678 83.1% 9.7% 76.0% 4.7% 5.5% 6.9% 1.5%
SMU 66 1,244 1,416 $51,467 $51,467 1,522 61.6% 10.2% 66.4% 5.6% 5.9% 11.0% 6.3%
Baylor 76 1,163 1,329 $42,931 $42,931 3,503 35.3% 17.4% 65.4% 6.2% 5.5% 15.3% 2.9%
U of Denver 80 1,166 1,359 $47,445 $47,445 1,399 67.5% 14.6% 73.5% 2.0% 4.3% 9.8% 5.6%
TCU 80 1,125 1,321 $43,610 $43,610 1,888 56.6% 11.2% 72.9% 4.7% 3.1% 13.3% 3.7%
Stevens Ins. Tech 80 1,274 1,447 $49,914 $49,914 737 38.8% 15.5% 65.4% 2.7% 14.7% 10.0% 4.6%
Marquette 88 1,101 1,296 $39,318 $39,318 2,005 71.4% 19.0% 68.0% 4.9% 8.1% 13.3% 2.5%

Characteristics of universities in analysis sample compared to data collection sample

?(caption)

Public research universities
Selective private universities
Analysis sample (N=15)
Data collection sample (N=102)
Analysis sample (N=14)
Data collection sample (N=57)
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile 25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile 25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile 25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
25th Percentile SAT/ACT Composite Score 1,060 1,126 1,164 984 1,061 1,135 1,185 1,278 1,314 1,191 1,289 1,391
75th Percentile SAT/ACT Composite Score 1,292 1,332 1,366 1,204 1,282 1,350 1,373 1,433 1,496 1,375 1,472 1,542
In-State Tuition + Fees $10,741 $11,785 $13,913 $9,100 $10,750 $13,322 $47,126 $50,140 $51,848 $47,020 $49,914 $51,661
Out-of-State Tuition + Fees $26,866 $30,502 $34,383 $23,433 $27,589 $32,989 $47,126 $50,140 $51,848 $47,020 $49,914 $51,661
Total Enrolled Freshmen 4,916 5,433 6,336 3,416 4,528 5,850 1,368 1,767 2,000 1,305 1,585 2,005
Percent Out-of-State Freshmen 21.1% 26.9% 45.0% 15.4% 25.8% 39.8% 63.1% 73.6% 82.4% 66.4% 76.6% 87.6%
Percent Pell Recipients 19.5% 21.5% 26.8% 20.3% 25.5% 33.3% 10.2% 12.4% 16.9% 12.8% 14.2% 16.5%
Percent White Freshmen 31.6% 68.0% 75.2% 45.3% 61.7% 72.6% 56.5% 65.9% 71.7% 41.1% 49.3% 63.8%
Percent Black Freshmen 3.4% 4.3% 6.6% 3.1% 5.6% 8.9% 4.3% 4.7% 5.0% 4.0% 5.3% 7.1%
Percent Asian Freshmen 3.4% 9.3% 29.9% 3.1% 6.6% 13.2% 5.5% 7.0% 14.3% 5.9% 13.2% 18.8%
Percent Hispanic Freshmen 5.5% 8.5% 12.3% 5.5% 8.6% 16.8% 7.6% 10.7% 12.8% 9.0% 10.7% 13.3%
Percent International Freshmen 2.0% 4.6% 8.7% 1.6% 3.1% 7.1% 3.8% 5.7% 9.0% 6.0% 9.8% 12.3%

Methods

Constructing social networks

Construct two-mode network

  • “Edge” or “network tie” = off-campus recruiting visit
  • “Vertices” = schools \(i\) (mode 1) and universities \(j\) (mode 2)
  • School-by-university matrix; cell \(a_{i,j}\) shows number of visits school \(i\) received from univ \(j\)

Transform two-mode network into one-mode university network

  • university \(j_1\) and university \(j_2\) share an edge if they visit at least one high school in common
  • “Weight” of the edge is number of high schools visited by both \(j_1\) and \(j_2\)

Visualizing two-mode recruiting network

Methods

Analyses by research question

  1. How does the scale of visits to private high schools vary for the public research universities and selective private universities?
    • Simple descriptive statistics
  1. To what extent do public research universities and selective private universities visit overlapping sets of private high schools?
    • Graph one-mode university network; universities allocated to categories based on cluster analysis
  1. What are the characteristics of private schools that receive visits from public research universities and selective private research universities?
    • Descriptive statistics of characteristics of university order-1 “ego network” (schools the university visited):
      • Geographic region, religion, racial composition, academic reputation

Results

RQ1: Scale of Visits

Number of HS visits by public research universities

Number of HS visits by selective private universities

Proportional HS visits by public research universities

Proportional HS visits by selective private universities

RQ2: Overlap of Visits

One-mode count matrix, all universities

U of Alabama
(N=759)		 Notre Dame
(N=625)		 Villanova
(N=563)		 SMU
(N=550)		 TCU
(N=435)		 Tulane
(N=430)		 U of S.Carolina
(N=396)		 Northwestern
(N=377)		 CU Boulder
(N=362)		 Boston Coll.
(N=339)		 Marquette
(N=331)		 Tufts
(N=301)		 UMass Amherst
(N=296)		 U of Denver
(N=279)		 Emory
(N=273)		 U of Georgia
(N=256)		 Rutgers
(N=255)		 U of Cincinnati
(N=243)		 Baylor
(N=237)		 Case Western Res.
(N=228)		 U of Pitt
(N=222)		 UC Berkeley
(N=200)		 UC San Diego
(N=192)		 U of Kansas
(N=173)		 U of Arkansas
(N=163)		 Stevens Ins. Tech
(N=160)		 SUNY Stony Brook
(N=119)		 UNL
(N=100)		 UC Riverside
(N=88)
U of Alabama (N=759) 759 326 287 313 260 220 284 184 210 186 177 140 149 136 164 169 120 124 137 122 125 112 100 93 100 78 43 31 34
Notre Dame (N=625) 326 625 338 293 253 223 192 224 215 235 231 177 131 164 145 112 119 108 99 133 128 102 107 90 55 79 50 43 35
Villanova (N=563) 287 338 563 291 224 218 204 214 187 208 205 161 137 143 147 128 129 122 101 142 155 107 81 85 65 103 60 46 28
SMU (N=550) 313 293 291 550 290 275 223 243 221 218 151 189 125 177 176 156 77 103 154 134 99 116 100 89 108 88 32 39 27
TCU (N=435) 260 253 224 290 435 199 191 177 202 168 150 141 108 151 122 121 73 84 133 98 82 93 97 90 86 66 32 37 29
Tulane (N=430) 220 223 218 275 199 430 159 219 178 173 103 190 114 142 143 119 68 72 79 131 82 105 75 58 68 56 24 22 24
U of S.Carolina (N=396) 284 192 204 223 191 159 396 136 155 121 103 106 108 99 120 140 74 110 92 79 99 84 59 58 57 59 27 20 19
Northwestern (N=377) 184 224 214 243 177 219 136 377 160 172 114 169 81 139 128 103 62 86 75 122 74 105 83 64 50 55 15 31 28
CU Boulder (N=362) 210 215 187 221 202 178 155 160 362 143 134 139 115 139 104 88 76 69 100 97 92 77 98 74 51 56 21 25 28
Boston Coll. (N=339) 186 235 208 218 168 173 121 172 143 339 133 158 112 135 113 74 69 57 64 100 68 74 86 51 32 60 23 21 23
Marquette (N=331) 177 231 205 151 150 103 103 114 134 133 331 77 70 97 52 44 56 74 62 66 63 46 58 90 45 43 28 42 17
Tufts (N=301) 140 177 161 189 141 190 106 169 139 158 77 301 96 114 117 71 52 42 52 108 64 87 87 36 30 66 26 14 24
UMass Amherst (N=296) 149 131 137 125 108 114 108 81 115 112 70 96 296 76 55 57 93 27 22 39 56 45 57 18 14 66 57 4 18
U of Denver (N=279) 136 164 143 177 151 142 99 139 139 135 97 114 76 279 82 48 46 57 57 72 44 55 71 69 40 44 14 27 17
Emory (N=273) 164 145 147 176 122 143 120 128 104 113 52 117 55 82 273 88 47 60 39 98 47 76 50 28 29 42 10 8 11
U of Georgia (N=256) 169 112 128 156 121 119 140 103 88 74 44 71 57 48 88 256 24 73 77 46 48 64 38 39 59 32 7 13 16
Rutgers (N=255) 120 119 129 77 73 68 74 62 76 69 56 52 93 46 47 24 255 35 18 46 74 41 43 20 5 67 48 10 10
U of Cincinnati (N=243) 124 108 122 103 84 72 110 86 69 57 74 42 27 57 60 73 35 243 41 41 56 33 24 29 37 25 5 18 8
Baylor (N=237) 137 99 101 154 133 79 92 75 100 64 62 52 22 57 39 77 18 41 237 50 37 38 43 55 84 23 1 21 18
Case Western Res. (N=228) 122 133 142 134 98 131 79 122 97 100 66 108 39 72 98 46 46 41 50 228 62 62 50 37 35 41 18 16 15
U of Pitt (N=222) 125 128 155 99 82 82 99 74 92 68 63 64 56 44 47 48 74 56 37 62 222 41 28 32 26 49 27 15 11
UC Berkeley (N=200) 112 102 107 116 93 105 84 105 77 74 46 87 45 55 76 64 41 33 38 62 41 200 61 30 26 28 9 8 20
UC San Diego (N=192) 100 107 81 100 97 75 59 83 98 86 58 87 57 71 50 38 43 24 43 50 28 61 192 29 22 33 11 3 35
U of Kansas (N=173) 93 90 85 89 90 58 58 64 74 51 90 36 18 69 28 39 20 29 55 37 32 30 29 173 62 12 0 61 8
U of Arkansas (N=163) 100 55 65 108 86 68 57 50 51 32 45 30 14 40 29 59 5 37 84 35 26 26 22 62 163 13 1 24 9
Stevens Ins. Tech (N=160) 78 79 103 88 66 56 59 55 56 60 43 66 66 44 42 32 67 25 23 41 49 28 33 12 13 160 35 3 6
SUNY Stony Brook (N=119) 43 50 60 32 32 24 27 15 21 23 28 26 57 14 10 7 48 5 1 18 27 9 11 0 1 35 119 0 4
UNL (N=100) 31 43 46 39 37 22 20 31 25 21 42 14 4 27 8 13 10 18 21 16 15 8 3 61 24 3 0 100 0
UC Riverside (N=88) 34 35 28 27 29 24 19 28 28 23 17 24 18 17 11 16 10 8 18 15 11 20 35 8 9 6 4 0 88

One-mode network for all universities

RQ3: Characteristics of Visited Schools

Order 2 ego network of University of Notre Dame

Geographic region of visited private high schools

Religious affiliation of visited private high schools

Racial composition of visited HS, public universities

Racial composition of visited HS, private universities

High school ranking of visited private high schools

Discussion

Discussion

Key findings (for analysis sample)

  • RQ1. Disproportionate number of visits to private schools
  • RQ2. Substantial overlap in recruiting networks of public and private univs
  • RQ3. For public univs, visit schools: in the South; Catholic/Christian; enrollment mostly white

Practical implications

  • Universities should conduct an internal equity audit of recruiting practices

Implications for scholarship

  • Selective private, public flagship compete for same affluent households
  • Chetty, Deming, and Friedman (2023) study Ivy Plus admissions; focuses on student/household behavior
    • Ignore organizational linkages between privileged schools and univs
    • These orgs interact to increase flow of students between one another

References

Chetty, Raj, David J. Deming, and John N. Friedman. 2023. “Diversifying Society’s Leaders? The Causal Effects of Admission to Highly Selective Private Colleges.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 31492. https://doi.org/10.3386/w31492.
Jaquette, Ozan, and Bradley R. Curs. 2015. “Creating the Out-of-State University: Do Public Universities Increase Nonresident Freshman Enrollment in Response to Declining State Appropriations?” Research in Higher Education 56 (6): 535–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-015-9362-2.
Jaquette, Ozan, Bradley R. Curs, and Julie Renee Posselt. 2016. “Tuition Rich, Mission Poor: Nonresident Enrollment Growth and The.” Journal of Higher Education 87 (5): 635–73. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.2016.0025.
Jaquette, Ozan, and Karina G. Salazar. Online first. “A Sociological Analysis of Structural Racism in ‘Student List’ Lead Generation Products.” Journal Article. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 0 (0): 01623737231210894. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737231210894.
Jaquette, Ozan, Karina G. Salazar, and Patricia Martin. 2022. “The Student List Business: Primer and Market Dynamics.” The Institute for College Access; Success. https://ticas.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/The-Student-List-Business_-Primer-and-Market-Dynamics.pdf.
Khan, Shamus Rahman. 2011. Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite at St. Paul’s School. Princeton Studies in Cultural Sociology. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Leeds, Daniel M., and Stephen L. DesJardins. 2015. “The Effect of Merit Aid on Enrollment: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis of Iowa’s National Scholars Award.” Research in Higher Education 56 (7): 471–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-014-9359-2.
Murnane, Richard J., and Sean F. Reardon. 2018. “Long-Term Trends in Private School Enrollments by Family Income.” AERA Open 4 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858417751355.
Salazar, Karina G. 2022. “Recruitment Redlining by Public Research Universities in the Los Angeles and Dallas Metropolitan Areas.” The Journal of Higher Education 93 (4): 585–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2021.2004811.
Salazar, Karina G., Ozan Jaquette, and Crystal Han. 2021. “Coming Soon to a Neighborhood Near You? Off-Campus Recruiting by Public Research Universities.” American Educational Research Journal 58 (6): 1270–1314. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312211001810.
Stevens, Mitchell L. 2007. Creating a Class: College Admissions and the Education of Elites. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Appendix

RQ1: Scale of Visits

All recruiting visits, public universities

All recruiting visits, private universities

RQ2: Overlap of Visits

One-mode public university percent matrix

U of Alabama
(N=759)		 U of S.Carolina
(N=396)		 CU Boulder
(N=362)		 UMass Amherst
(N=296)		 U of Georgia
(N=256)		 Rutgers
(N=255)		 U of Cincinnati
(N=243)		 U of Pitt
(N=222)		 UC Berkeley
(N=200)		 UC San Diego
(N=192)		 U of Kansas
(N=173)		 U of Arkansas
(N=163)		 SUNY Stony Brook
(N=119)		 UNL
(N=100)		 UC Riverside
(N=88)
U of Alabama (N=759) 100.0 71.7 58.0 50.3 66.0 47.1 51.0 56.3 56.0 52.1 53.8 61.3 36.1 31 38.6
U of S.Carolina (N=396) 37.4 100.0 42.8 36.5 54.7 29.0 45.3 44.6 42.0 30.7 33.5 35.0 22.7 20 21.6
CU Boulder (N=362) 27.7 39.1 100.0 38.9 34.4 29.8 28.4 41.4 38.5 51.0 42.8 31.3 17.6 25 31.8
UMass Amherst (N=296) 19.6 27.3 31.8 100.0 22.3 36.5 11.1 25.2 22.5 29.7 10.4 8.6 47.9 4 20.5
U of Georgia (N=256) 22.3 35.4 24.3 19.3 100.0 9.4 30.0 21.6 32.0 19.8 22.5 36.2 5.9 13 18.2
Rutgers (N=255) 15.8 18.7 21.0 31.4 9.4 100.0 14.4 33.3 20.5 22.4 11.6 3.1 40.3 10 11.4
U of Cincinnati (N=243) 16.3 27.8 19.1 9.1 28.5 13.7 100.0 25.2 16.5 12.5 16.8 22.7 4.2 18 9.1
U of Pitt (N=222) 16.5 25.0 25.4 18.9 18.8 29.0 23.0 100.0 20.5 14.6 18.5 16.0 22.7 15 12.5
UC Berkeley (N=200) 14.8 21.2 21.3 15.2 25.0 16.1 13.6 18.5 100.0 31.8 17.3 16.0 7.6 8 22.7
UC San Diego (N=192) 13.2 14.9 27.1 19.3 14.8 16.9 9.9 12.6 30.5 100.0 16.8 13.5 9.2 3 39.8
U of Kansas (N=173) 12.3 14.6 20.4 6.1 15.2 7.8 11.9 14.4 15.0 15.1 100.0 38.0 0.0 61 9.1
U of Arkansas (N=163) 13.2 14.4 14.1 4.7 23.0 2.0 15.2 11.7 13.0 11.5 35.8 100.0 0.8 24 10.2
SUNY Stony Brook (N=119) 5.7 6.8 5.8 19.3 2.7 18.8 2.1 12.2 4.5 5.7 0.0 0.6 100.0 0 4.5
UNL (N=100) 4.1 5.1 6.9 1.4 5.1 3.9 7.4 6.8 4.0 1.6 35.3 14.7 0.0 100 0.0
UC Riverside (N=88) 4.5 4.8 7.7 6.1 6.2 3.9 3.3 5.0 10.0 18.2 4.6 5.5 3.4 0 100.0

One-mode network, public universities

One-mode network, private universities

One-mode private university percent matrix

Notre Dame
(N=625)		 Villanova
(N=563)		 SMU
(N=550)		 TCU
(N=435)		 Tulane
(N=430)		 Northwestern
(N=377)		 Boston Coll.
(N=339)		 Marquette
(N=331)		 Tufts
(N=301)		 U of Denver
(N=279)		 Emory
(N=273)		 Baylor
(N=237)		 Case Western Res.
(N=228)		 Stevens Ins. Tech
(N=160)
Notre Dame (N=625) 100.0 60.0 53.3 58.2 51.9 59.4 69.3 69.8 58.8 58.8 53.1 41.8 58.3 49.4
Villanova (N=563) 54.1 100.0 52.9 51.5 50.7 56.8 61.4 61.9 53.5 51.3 53.8 42.6 62.3 64.4
SMU (N=550) 46.9 51.7 100.0 66.7 64.0 64.5 64.3 45.6 62.8 63.4 64.5 65.0 58.8 55.0
TCU (N=435) 40.5 39.8 52.7 100.0 46.3 46.9 49.6 45.3 46.8 54.1 44.7 56.1 43.0 41.2
Tulane (N=430) 35.7 38.7 50.0 45.7 100.0 58.1 51.0 31.1 63.1 50.9 52.4 33.3 57.5 35.0
Northwestern (N=377) 35.8 38.0 44.2 40.7 50.9 100.0 50.7 34.4 56.1 49.8 46.9 31.6 53.5 34.4
Boston Coll. (N=339) 37.6 36.9 39.6 38.6 40.2 45.6 100.0 40.2 52.5 48.4 41.4 27.0 43.9 37.5
Marquette (N=331) 37.0 36.4 27.5 34.5 24.0 30.2 39.2 100.0 25.6 34.8 19.0 26.2 28.9 26.9
Tufts (N=301) 28.3 28.6 34.4 32.4 44.2 44.8 46.6 23.3 100.0 40.9 42.9 21.9 47.4 41.2
U of Denver (N=279) 26.2 25.4 32.2 34.7 33.0 36.9 39.8 29.3 37.9 100.0 30.0 24.1 31.6 27.5
Emory (N=273) 23.2 26.1 32.0 28.0 33.3 34.0 33.3 15.7 38.9 29.4 100.0 16.5 43.0 26.2
Baylor (N=237) 15.8 17.9 28.0 30.6 18.4 19.9 18.9 18.7 17.3 20.4 14.3 100.0 21.9 14.4
Case Western Res. (N=228) 21.3 25.2 24.4 22.5 30.5 32.4 29.5 19.9 35.9 25.8 35.9 21.1 100.0 25.6
Stevens Ins. Tech (N=160) 12.6 18.3 16.0 15.2 13.0 14.6 17.7 13.0 21.9 15.8 15.4 9.7 18.0 100.0

For private universities, the percent of high schools visited by public universities

Notre Dame
(N=625)		 Villanova
(N=563)		 SMU
(N=550)		 TCU
(N=435)		 Tulane
(N=430)		 Northwestern
(N=377)		 Boston Coll.
(N=339)		 Marquette
(N=331)		 Tufts
(N=301)		 U of Denver
(N=279)		 Emory
(N=273)		 Baylor
(N=237)		 Case Western Res.
(N=228)		 Stevens Ins. Tech
(N=160)
U of Alabama (N=759) 52.2 51.0 56.9 59.8 51.2 48.8 54.9 53.5 46.5 48.7 60.1 57.8 53.5 48.8
U of S.Carolina (N=396) 30.7 36.2 40.5 43.9 37.0 36.1 35.7 31.1 35.2 35.5 44.0 38.8 34.6 36.9
CU Boulder (N=362) 34.4 33.2 40.2 46.4 41.4 42.4 42.2 40.5 46.2 49.8 38.1 42.2 42.5 35.0
UMass Amherst (N=296) 21.0 24.3 22.7 24.8 26.5 21.5 33.0 21.1 31.9 27.2 20.1 9.3 17.1 41.2
U of Georgia (N=256) 17.9 22.7 28.4 27.8 27.7 27.3 21.8 13.3 23.6 17.2 32.2 32.5 20.2 20.0
Rutgers (N=255) 19.0 22.9 14.0 16.8 15.8 16.4 20.4 16.9 17.3 16.5 17.2 7.6 20.2 41.9
U of Cincinnati (N=243) 17.3 21.7 18.7 19.3 16.7 22.8 16.8 22.4 14.0 20.4 22.0 17.3 18.0 15.6
U of Pitt (N=222) 20.5 27.5 18.0 18.9 19.1 19.6 20.1 19.0 21.3 15.8 17.2 15.6 27.2 30.6
UC Berkeley (N=200) 16.3 19.0 21.1 21.4 24.4 27.9 21.8 13.9 28.9 19.7 27.8 16.0 27.2 17.5
UC San Diego (N=192) 17.1 14.4 18.2 22.3 17.4 22.0 25.4 17.5 28.9 25.4 18.3 18.1 21.9 20.6
U of Kansas (N=173) 14.4 15.1 16.2 20.7 13.5 17.0 15.0 27.2 12.0 24.7 10.3 23.2 16.2 7.5
U of Arkansas (N=163) 8.8 11.5 19.6 19.8 15.8 13.3 9.4 13.6 10.0 14.3 10.6 35.4 15.4 8.1
SUNY Stony Brook (N=119) 8.0 10.7 5.8 7.4 5.6 4.0 6.8 8.5 8.6 5.0 3.7 0.4 7.9 21.9
UNL (N=100) 6.9 8.2 7.1 8.5 5.1 8.2 6.2 12.7 4.7 9.7 2.9 8.9 7.0 1.9
UC Riverside (N=88) 5.6 5.0 4.9 6.7 5.6 7.4 6.8 5.1 8.0 6.1 4.0 7.6 6.6 3.8

For public universities, the percent of high schools visited by private universities

U of Alabama
(N=759)		 U of S.Carolina
(N=396)		 CU Boulder
(N=362)		 UMass Amherst
(N=296)		 U of Georgia
(N=256)		 Rutgers
(N=255)		 U of Cincinnati
(N=243)		 U of Pitt
(N=222)		 UC Berkeley
(N=200)		 UC San Diego
(N=192)		 U of Kansas
(N=173)		 U of Arkansas
(N=163)		 SUNY Stony Brook
(N=119)		 UNL
(N=100)		 UC Riverside
(N=88)
Notre Dame (N=625) 43.0 48.5 59.4 44.3 43.8 46.7 44.4 57.7 51.0 55.7 52.0 33.7 42.0 43 39.8
Villanova (N=563) 37.8 51.5 51.7 46.3 50.0 50.6 50.2 69.8 53.5 42.2 49.1 39.9 50.4 46 31.8
SMU (N=550) 41.2 56.3 61.0 42.2 60.9 30.2 42.4 44.6 58.0 52.1 51.4 66.3 26.9 39 30.7
TCU (N=435) 34.3 48.2 55.8 36.5 47.3 28.6 34.6 36.9 46.5 50.5 52.0 52.8 26.9 37 33.0
Tulane (N=430) 29.0 40.2 49.2 38.5 46.5 26.7 29.6 36.9 52.5 39.1 33.5 41.7 20.2 22 27.3
Northwestern (N=377) 24.2 34.3 44.2 27.4 40.2 24.3 35.4 33.3 52.5 43.2 37.0 30.7 12.6 31 31.8
Boston Coll. (N=339) 24.5 30.6 39.5 37.8 28.9 27.1 23.5 30.6 37.0 44.8 29.5 19.6 19.3 21 26.1
Marquette (N=331) 23.3 26.0 37.0 23.6 17.2 22.0 30.5 28.4 23.0 30.2 52.0 27.6 23.5 42 19.3
Tufts (N=301) 18.4 26.8 38.4 32.4 27.7 20.4 17.3 28.8 43.5 45.3 20.8 18.4 21.8 14 27.3
U of Denver (N=279) 17.9 25.0 38.4 25.7 18.8 18.0 23.5 19.8 27.5 37.0 39.9 24.5 11.8 27 19.3
Emory (N=273) 21.6 30.3 28.7 18.6 34.4 18.4 24.7 21.2 38.0 26.0 16.2 17.8 8.4 8 12.5
Baylor (N=237) 18.1 23.2 27.6 7.4 30.1 7.1 16.9 16.7 19.0 22.4 31.8 51.5 0.8 21 20.5
Case Western Res. (N=228) 16.1 19.9 26.8 13.2 18.0 18.0 16.9 27.9 31.0 26.0 21.4 21.5 15.1 16 17.0
Stevens Ins. Tech (N=160) 10.3 14.9 15.5 22.3 12.5 26.3 10.3 22.1 14.0 17.2 6.9 8.0 29.4 3 6.8

RQ3: Characteristics of Visited Schools

Racial composition in the South, public universities

Racial composition in the South, private universities